Django2.0手册:Django快捷函数

必选参数¶

request

用于生成此响应的请求对象。

template_name

要使用的模板的全名或模板名称的序列。如果给定一个序列，则将使用存在的第一个模板。有关如何查找模板的更多信息，请参见 template loading documentation 。

可选参数¶

context

要添加到模板上下文的值的字典。 默认情况下，这是一个空的字典。 如果字典中的值是可调用的，则视图将在渲染模板之前调用它。

content_type

用于结果文档的MIME类型默认为：设置:setting:DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE 设置的值。

status

响应的状态代码默认为“200”。

using

用于加载模板的模板引擎的 :setting:`NAME ` 。

例如¶

下面的示例使用MIME类型呈现模板“myapp/index.html“ application/xhtml+xml：

from django.shortcuts import render

def my_view(request):
    # View code here...
    return render(request, 'myapp/index.html', {
        'foo': 'bar',
    }, content_type='application/xhtml+xml')

此示例相当于：

from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.template import loader

def my_view(request):
    # View code here...
    t = loader.get_template('myapp/index.html')
    c = {'foo': 'bar'}
    return HttpResponse(t.render(c, request), content_type='application/xhtml+xml')

示例¶

You can use the redirect() function in a number of ways.

1. By passing some object; that object’s
   get_absolute_url() method will be called
   to figure out the redirect URL:

   from django.shortcuts import redirect
   
   def my_view(request):
       ...
       object = MyModel.objects.get(...)
       return redirect(object)
   

2. By passing the name of a view and optionally some positional or
   keyword arguments; the URL will be reverse resolved using the
   reverse() method:

   def my_view(request):
       ...
       return redirect('some-view-name', foo='bar')
   

3. By passing a hardcoded URL to redirect to:

   def my_view(request):
       ...
       return redirect('/some/url/')
   

   This also works with full URLs:

   def my_view(request):
       ...
       return redirect('https://example.com/')
   

By default, redirect() returns a temporary redirect. All of the above
forms accept a permanent argument; if set to True a permanent redirect
will be returned:

def my_view(request):
    ...
    object = MyModel.objects.get(...)
    return redirect(object, permanent=True)

必选参数¶

klass

A Model class,
a Manager,
or a QuerySet instance from which to get
the object.

**kwargs

Lookup parameters, which should be in the format accepted by get() and
filter().

例如¶

The following example gets the object with the primary key of 1 from
MyModel:

from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404

def my_view(request):
    my_object = get_object_or_404(MyModel, pk=1)

此示例相当于：

from django.http import Http404

def my_view(request):
    try:
        my_object = MyModel.objects.get(pk=1)
    except MyModel.DoesNotExist:
        raise Http404("No MyModel matches the given query.")

The most common use case is to pass a Model, as
shown above. However, you can also pass a
QuerySet instance:

queryset = Book.objects.filter(title__startswith='M')
get_object_or_404(queryset, pk=1)

The above example is a bit contrived since it’s equivalent to doing:

get_object_or_404(Book, title__startswith='M', pk=1)

but it can be useful if you are passed the queryset variable from somewhere
else.

Finally, you can also use a Manager. This is useful
for example if you have a
custom manager:

get_object_or_404(Book.dahl_objects, title='Matilda')

You can also use
related managers:

author = Author.objects.get(name='Roald Dahl')
get_object_or_404(author.book_set, title='Matilda')

Note: As with get(), a
MultipleObjectsReturned exception
will be raised if more than one object is found.

必选参数¶

klass

A Model, Manager or
QuerySet instance from which to get the
list.

**kwargs

Lookup parameters, which should be in the format accepted by get() and
filter().

例如¶

The following example gets all published objects from MyModel:

from django.shortcuts import get_list_or_404

def my_view(request):
    my_objects = get_list_or_404(MyModel, published=True)

此示例相当于：

from django.http import Http404

def my_view(request):
    my_objects = list(MyModel.objects.filter(published=True))
    if not my_objects:
        raise Http404("No MyModel matches the given query.")